However, increasing cell temperature by 1 Celsius, C, degree decreases PV modules voltage by 0.085–0.123 V.
The effect of cell temperature on PV modules performance depends on PV cells manufacturing. The increase in cell temperature decreases PV module’s voltage linearly, while increasing cell temperature increases PV module’s current. Furthermore, cell temperature,, is an important factor in determining the performance of PV cells. Standard sunlight conditions on a clear day are assumed to be 1000 watt of solar energy per square meter and it is sometimes called “one sun” or a “peak sun.” Less than one sun will reduce the current output of a PV module by a proportional amount. The performance of a PV module strongly depends on the sun light conditions. The importance of the meteorological data in sizing PV systems lies in the fact that the PV modules output energy strongly depends on the available solar energy and the ambient temperature, while the wind turbines (in case of hybrid PV/Wind systems) output power is a function of the available wind speed. PV system size and performance strongly depend on metrological variables such as solar energy, wind speed, and ambient temperature and, therefore, to optimize a PV system, extensive studies related to the metrological variables have to be done. The grid-connected systems can consist of a PV array only as an energy source, or anther energy source can be in cooperation with the PV array such as wind turbine, diesel system, or a storage unit. On the other hand the DGPV systems inject the whole produced energy to the grid without feeding any local load. BiPV systems usually supply a specific load and inject the excess energy to the grid. Grid-connected PV systems can be divided into two parts: building integrated PV systems (BiPV) and distribution generation PV (DGPV) systems. Therefore, many research works are carried out currently focusing on optimization of PV systems. However, the drawback of PV systems is the high capital cost as compared to conventional energy sources. Introductionīased on the fact that PV systems are clean, environment friendly, and secure energy sources, PV system installation has played an important role worldwide. This work contains worthwhile technical information for those who are interested in PV technology investment in Kuwait. Furthermore the invested money is recovered during the assumed life cycle time whereas the payback period for both sites is about 15 years. On the other hand the cost of the energy generated by both systems is about 0.1 USD/kWh which is very close to the price of the energy sold by the Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW). Meanwhile the annual yield factors for Mutla and Al-Wafra are 1861 kWh/kWp/year and 1922.7 kWh/kWp/year, respectively. The proposed systems show high energy productivity whereas the annual capacity factors for Mutla and Al-Wafra are 22.25% and 21.6%, respectively. These data and a PV grid-connected system mathematical model are used to assist a 100 kWp grid-connected PV system proposed for both sites. Three years of meteorological data are provided for two main sites in Kuwait, namely, Al-Wafra and Mutla. This paper presents an assessment of the electricity generated by photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected systems in Kuwait.
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